Significance Of The Cultural Homogeneity

Significance Of The Cultural Homogeneity How significant is any process of cultural homogenization to the development of the global hospitality industry is going to be the topic under analyses on this assignment. We will give definitions of culture, homogenization and globalization and what these terms mean. Will follow to analyze to what extent, are people from around the world becoming more similar in their patterns of consumption of products and services from the hospitality/tourism industry. And if so what does this mean to the development of the global hospitality/tourism industry and evidence of the fact that people are becoming the same and how has the industry respond to such demand. Finally we will be showing what the overall evaluation is regarding the topic and a conclusion summarizing all the findings. Customer commodities are turning homogenous all over the world with this fact comes the definition of homogenization. People use the same type of things: from planes and cars, holidays destinations and way of dressing and living. With this goes a strong consumerist way of living and structure of principles that focus on the material world and on substantial comfort. Marx (1977) in his dependency theory saw that the political-territorial boundaries remain intact and will disappear under a future proletarian supremacy. Wallerstein (1974) focus is studies on the economic view of the definition of globalization as an increasing level of interdependence between national systems by way of trade, military Robertson Roland explains globalization in the cultural domain. In is text, Globalization as a Problem in The Globalization Reader says, globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole Cited in Frank Lechner and John Boli (2004) According to Giddens globalization is seen as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa Giddens (1990). These local happenings were said to be influenced by distant events and not just the local events, whi ch all have been influenced by the forces of globalization. Looking at Giddens (1990) and Robertsons (1992) definitions, Giddens believes modernity has come as a result of globalization. For Giddens globalization is said to have started during the sixteenth century onwards and in Europe in particular. However, in Robertsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s opinion, the problem of globalization is not new. He believes the social compression of the world has begun before the sixteenth century as predicted by Giddens. He predicts modernity and the rise of capitalism to be the cause of the rise of globalization. That is for Robertson, modernization has an influence on globalization. Culture with its very broad nature have always been without a precise definition, referred by Geertz (1973) culture is said not to exist in some ones head. That is, when we are born as we grow, through learning from either our parents or schools or the environment we grow, we know culture. Giddens referred culture to be the way of life of the members of the society or of groups within a society Giddens (2002). He believes that culture is inherited and it comprises both intangible aspects of life like the beliefs, ideas and values, which form the content of culture. In addition, the tangible aspects like the objects, symbols or technology, which represents that content. An example of this is the present day American cultures of Americanization and McDonaldization, described by Ritzer as the fast food restaurants Ritzer, (2003). Geert Hofstede views culture as a communal psychological programming of people. The software of the mentality, or how we think, make us different from additional groups. It refers to a shared fact of mutual principles and meanings and we get it from the social environment. We are not born with a public set of morals and attitudes; we discover and gain them as we develop. E. T. Halls wrote about High- and Low-Context Cultures theories with Low-context cultures we count on complicated verbal explanations, transferring more importance to verbal words, communication is straight and open, meaning is uncomplicated with the High-context cultures we highlight nonverbal communication and use communication as a way to support soft, pleasant associations for example in East Asia and Japan; nonverbal signs and body language are often used as they prefer an indirect, polite, face-saving style that shows a shared sagacity, concern and respect for others. Globalization in the tourism context can be thought in several ways which include the following: Americanization through McDonalds , KFC and Starbucks ,McDonalds fast food outlets can now even be found everywhere in the world. Experiencing the diversity of building styles, dishes and cultures was once a main reason to visit cities. Today as one travels around the world one finds that many airports, hotels and cities are more or less the same this takes the fun out of traveling because you know already how your room is going to be like in certain hotel chain. Globalization is felt particularly in less developed countries, many of which see tourism as an important development option. Unfortunately developing tourism can require that poor countries have to take out billion dollar loans to build the necessary infrastructure for tourism development and this can be a problem because they may not be able to pay their debts. International tourists demand international style hotels, food and drinks and hence developing countries have to import this items, this is called leakage because the money leaks out of the local economy and it cant be used to benefit local people. Cross-cultural exchange promotes innovation and creativity. The belief that increased globalization entails cultural homogenization, most commonly in the guise of Americanization, is a popular one. It is a belief enacted by tourists who travel to far-off lands only to stay in Sheraton hotels, eat at the local McDonalds, and watch big Hollywood pictures in the evenings. The gist of such tourist reports, anthropological findings, and American advertisements has been theorized in models of cultural imperialism (Mattelart 1979; Schiller 1976) that contend that Western, and largely American, culture is exported around the world to the effect of global homogenization. As Featherstone (1995) describes the process, capital clears the way for culture. Along these lines, corporate logos become icons of American ideologies for everyone outside of the center. But are these examples a clear process of cultural homogenization? Benjamin Barber (1995) would respond positively with is process of MacW orld is one of soft hegemony, an easy way to export American capitalist ideologies to the world, thereby making the world safe for the free market. Stuart Hall (1991) responds affirmatively to the question of globalization as cultural homogenization, his thoughts on the subject are much more nuanced. Hall defines a new form of globalization in contrast to the earlier globalization of colonization, particularly that of the British empire, and this new globalization is distinctly American with its emphasis on television and film, and by the image, imagery, and styles of mass advertising (1991). In this regard, Halls conception of the globalization process is similar to Barbers. However, where Barber understands MacWorld as a totalizing force intent on Americanizing everyone and everything in its path, Hall sees a very peculiar form of homogenization, a homogenization which does not strive for completeness but rather thrives on particularities. For Hall this new form of globalization h as made it chic to eat fifteen different cuisines in any one week (1991). Hall contends that by presenting a world of neutralized difference, a world of commodified and consumable difference, capitalism is able to maintain its global dominance. As he remarks, It is working to make up a nation in which things are diverse. And that is the enjoyment of it but the differences do not matter. (Featherstone 1990) questions the basic premise of Americanization upon which both Barber and Hall build their theories of global cultural homogenization. To begin with, such theories depend upon a notion of cultures behaving as substances which flow intact and easily dissolve the differences they encounter (1995). Yet beyond this distinction, Featherstone contends that the world can no longer be perceived as extending out from one central point such as the United States but rather from many global centers. Like Hall, he highlights the contestatory, confrontational nature of globalization; however, f or Featherstone, the contestation is external rather than internal, a global field in which differences, power struggles and cultural prestige contests are played out. As such, globalization emphasizes cultural heterogeneity and difference of a massive scale: Globalization makes us aware of the sheer volume, diversity and many-sidedness of culture. Featherstone also dismisses the cultural homogenization thesis as premised on ethnocentric ideas about local cultures. When people move around, they carry with them the things that travel bestcultural traditions with sensory power like music, folktales, food ways, and festival. At the same time, it is the sensory power of these traditions which brings them to market, which incorporates them into multicultural policy work, which allows them to serve as somewhat superficial points of cultural exchange. In some senses, the local is globally homogenized in the same way that American (or western) culture is said to homogenize all other culture s: not only does one find McDonalds, Coca-Cola, and Nike around the world; one also finds Chinese food, African music, and May Day celebrations. As the world grows more interconnected and emergent technologies allow more of us to experience more of this global interconnectedness, the global cultural homogenization thesis may seem like an attractive one. Globalization has both constructive and pessimistic impacts on the hospitality business the positive impacts of globalization are: the contact with different cultures makes the ones taking care of the hospitality business to be gifted to discover about diverse cultures as they obtain the option of mixing with people from various countries; becomes a bigger market and the customer base has increased greatly. Community now move not only for holidays, but commerce, physical condition and different other reasons; increases the economy of the area in question, visitors come in and spend money; improves technology advancement since they want to catch the attention of as many tourists as they can, organizations continuously need to improve and develop their goods and services using quicker and new techniques in hotels to so that the consumer is pleased; promotes creativity as organizations are all the time creating innovative ideas to attract tourists; important more job opportunities are c reated as more visitors come into the country and therefore more natives are needed to serve tourist needs; increases the travel industry, people move around and to make possible this the business needs to develop as well, per last a wide variety of international cuisines is created since there are a lot of diverse guests with different origins, customs, food habits, and languages, the hospitality/tourism industry incorporates recipes and diverse supplementary services and makes them accessible to the locals too. The pessimistic impacts of globalization on the hospitality industry are in this situation more dramatic issues: language barriers, the industry can employ people from diverse countries, they might have problems in communicating with the customers; cultural barriers, as there are people from different cultures whats adequate by one culture may be a insult by another; employment during busy times of the year, a good amount of jobs are available but almost immediately as the clients leave, the jobs vanish jointly with the income; use of tools to communicate due to intercontinental separations, there has been a firm raise in the use of equipment for contact and this removes the human touch; developing countries are not capable to keep up with the expansion in technology and have a propensity to lose out, they always need to work to get better conditions; or else tourists have other areas to choose from; increase in crime with the increase in tourists, crimes raise also; ecological exhau stion: globalization causes an disproportion in the eco system, people regularly throw their rubbish on the floor which could cause sicknesses and loss of cultural and national values to go with along with customer needs. Following critically examining the entire evidences provided can conclude that may be complicated to define even though the fact that studies have stated globalization as a back and forward process of development as business expansion will continue with the search of new markets and cultures will be affluently influence by western part of global economy. Societies will inevitably borrow heavily from these cultures however it doesnt mean that they will be completely transformed. Cultural diversity will have to be protected and defended. In the modern worldwide cultural pluralism may still be less and less physical, even if certain geographical roots of most important cultures will stay. We exist in a multicultural humanity in which citizens live a practice of various experiences, characterized by a diversity of associative groups. Consequently cultures possibly will no longer be local in the conventional sense, but still diverse linked together in a complex network.

Research Paper- Social Networking Essay

â€Å"Social Media is about sociology and psychology more than technology†, that’s what The Brain Solis Principal of Future Works is talking about. In this research, the researchers will talk all about the Social networking websites and how it can be useful for each and everyone. Social Networking has been the most famous among all kinds of websites in the Internet all around the world. Sometimes, they are the only ones whom you want to browse when you open your computer and sometimes, they can be very dangerous. You could be a so-called â€Å"Social Networking Addict† wherein you spend your whole day surfing and browsing your Facebook, Twitter or your Tumblr. So in this research, the researchers will tackle about the Social networking sites. A social networking service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social networking among people. It can help you get along with other people through chat whe ther video, text or voice. You can also share interests, activities, backgrounds or social activities. A Social Network service consists of a profile wherein you can see his or her background and personal information, his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. The main types of social networking services are those that contain connection with friends and a recommendation system to trust. Some popular social Networking services all around the world are Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr. Web-based social networking services make it possible to connect people who share interests and activities. Through e-mail and instant messaging, online communities are created. Social networks are providing a different way for individuals to communicate digitally. These communities of hypertexts allow for the sharing of information and ideas, an old concept placed in a digital environment. Social networking sites have so  much features. A profile is generated from answers to questions, such as age, location, interests, etc. Some sites allow users to upload pictures, add multimedia content or modify the look and feel of the profile. Many sites allow users to post blog entries, search for others with similar interests and compile and share lists of contacts. User profiles often have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. To protect user privacy, social networks typically have controls that allow users to choose who can view their profile, contact them, add them to their list of contacts, and so on. Some social networks have additional features, such as the ability to create groups that share common interests, upload or stream live videos, and hold discussions in forums. In most mobile communities, mobile phone users can now create their own profiles, make friends, participate in chatrooms, create chat rooms, hold private conversations, share photos and videos, and share blogs by using their mobile phone. One of the most popular wireless services for social networking is Facebook Mobile. As the increase in popularity of social networking is on a constant rise, new uses for the technology are constantly being observed. Social networking sites are the concept of â€Å"real-time web† and â€Å"location-based.â €  Real-time allows users to contribute content, which is then broadcast as it is being uploaded, the concept is like a live radio and television broadcasts. Twitter set the trend for â€Å"real-time† services, wherein users can broadcast to the world what they are doing, or what is on their minds within a 140-character limit. Facebook followed suit with their â€Å"Live Feed† where users activities are streamed as soon as it happens. Tumblr used their Social network as a blog posts where users can share what they want to share and click the favourite button if they like the blog. Social networks are also being used by teachers and students as a communication tool. Because many students are already using a wide range of social networking sites, teachers have begun to familiarize themselves with this trend and are now using it to their advantage. Teachers and professors are doing everything from creating chat-room forums and groups to extend classroom discussion to posting assignments, tests and quizzes, to assisting with homework outside of the classroom. Social networking sites are also being used by some young adults to fi nd a job. Through chatting, they can find a job online. They are also used as an entertainment likewise the games on Facebook and Friendster  wherein you level up in the game. Finally, social networking is a way for one person to meet up with other people on the net. People use social networking sites for meeting new friends, finding old friends, or locating people who have the same problems or interests they have. More and more relationships and friendships are being formed online and then carried to an offline relationship. Sometimes, it has been used as an online dating to find your true love. But if there’s advantages, there are also disadvantages. Social networking can take risks in the Kids and children. It can be a cause of Online Bullying and sometimes, Suicide. Social Networking sites can also be the cause of some Pyschological effects in some people like spending an excessive amount of time on the Internet in general and social networking sites. That is why Social networking Research is very important to learn and to tackle about because through this, you and me can be aware in this types of cases. The researchers are not saying that Using Social network sites are bad. You just have to minimize using it because if you don’t you could have Pyschological effects in your mind and in your body. That is why researching this Topic and talking about it is very important. Statement of the Problem At the end of this study, the researchers would be able to answer the following questions: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Social Networking Sites? 2. Are you in favor of Social Networking Sites? 3. Why are some people being a so-called â€Å"addict† on Social Networking Sites? 4. What are some disorders or illnesses that you can get from being a Social Networking Addict? 5. How can you avoid being a Social Networking Addict? Importance of the Study The researchers believed that this endeavour would be beneficial to the following: To the students, To the parents, To the teachers, To the young people and to the community. Definition of Terms Here are some of the terms found in this study. Blog. This term refers to an online post entry wherein you can post stories, messages, photos and videos. Users can share what they want to share. Chat. This term refers to quick messaging wherein you can hold private conversations. Communication. This term refers to social interactions so that you may talk to friends, families and acquaintances. Electronic Mail. This term refers to sending a message to someone through online services. Facebook. This term refers to a Social-Network site that is established by Mark Zuckerberg so that you may be connected with your loved ones abroad and in the country. Forum. This term refers to an open conversation with some acquaintances. Hypertexts. This term refers to links or texts that are being highlighted. Instant Messaging. This term refers to sending a message or a mail through online services quickly. Live Feed. This term refers to updated headlines and News feeds that are being posted in your wall. Online Bullying. This term refers to a horrible conversation wherein two or more persons were arguing through mean words. Online Dating. This term refers to finding a partner through online services like video chatting etc. Profile. This term refers to your main wall wherein you can see your post blog entries, recent photos, videos, events etc. Real-Time Web. This term refers to allowing users to contribute content, which is then broadcast as it is being uploaded, the concept is like a live radio and television broadcasts. Social Media. This term refers to sociology and psychology more than technology. Social Networking. This term refers to been the most famous among all kinds of websites in the Internet all around the world. Social Networking Addiction. This term refers to an illness wherein you want to spend your whole day in the Internet to browse Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr etc. Tumblr. This term refers to an Online Social Networking sites used as a blog entry and wherein you can post videos, photos and so much more. Twitter. This term refers to Social Networking sites wherein you can post tweets and you can browse trending topics. User Privacy. This term refers to security system of your social network account. Wireless Services. This term refers to increase in popularity of social networking is on a constant rise and wherein it is an online service that is used in some social networking sites.

Malaysian Culture Essay

Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. The original culture of the area stemmed from indigenous tribes that inhabited it, along with the Malays who later moved there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and British cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities. Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred around the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing.[181] Traditional art ranges from hand-woven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. Common artworks included ornamental kris, beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks.[94] Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India. Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand and Indonesia. The music is based around percussion instruments, the most important of which is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials. Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication.[183] In East Malaysia, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings. These ensembles are also common in neighbouring regions such as in the southern Philippines, Kalimantan in Indonesia, and Brunei. Malaysia’s cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population.[186] Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding regions have greatly influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures,[94] largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route.[187] The cuisine is very similar to that of Singapore and Brunei,[107] and also bears resemblance to Filipino cuisine.[94] The different states have varied dishes,[107] and often the food in Malaysia is different from the original dishes.[142]

How The Germans Influenced Modern Day Slavery Essay

Bruce R. Kokubun Mr. Black 7th Grade World Studies P.2 16 November 2016 How The Germans Influenced Modern Day Slavery Today I will be talking about how Germany influenced slavery, war, peoples’ perspective on immigrants, and many more things and how it affected modern day life. I think Germany greatly affected today partly because of Hitler. I think he greatly influenced the world because of his personality. I also think that the German army was very strong making them feared, powerful, and united. I also think that Germany still has lots of power and is still feared today as a torture and powerful country. I think that many people today and maybe even countries think that Germany is a bad country. If you are one of those people, I hope today I can change your mind because Germany is a very intelligent and cool country because without them, our world would be greatly changed. I think Germans influence on slavery and many more things greatly changed people’s perspective on immigrant’s and ideas. Germanys background is very unique and very engrossing. With Germany being the third largest country in the European Union, following the Boot, France and finally Spain, Germany has a lot of power. (Countries of the World) Germany also had a history of being divided, which means they are not very united but can make strong comebacks. A little after A.D. 436, Germany was divided and ruled by tribal leaders. Because of this, some of the tribes called themselves holy. By takingShow MoreRelatedHegels Contradiction in Human History Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesHuman beings have been struggling to learn the meaning of life since the first day. Ideologies are born as human’s interpretation of the world and belief system, also an endeavor to seek the truth of human nature. 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A Brief Note On Itc Limited And Itc - 1219 Words

Introduction of ITC ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian headquarter in Kolkata, India. Its diversified business includes five segments: â€Å"Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri Business†. In 2012-13, annual turnover was $ 8.31 billion and at the end of the same year, its capitalization was US$ 45 billion. It employs over 26,000 people at more than 60 locations across India and is part of Forbes 2000 list. Company has been in scandals regarding funding of Political Party to gain monopoly in Indian Cigarette market. ITC claims† that it is the â€Å"on1y company† in the world of advanced dimensions to be Carbon Positive, Water Positive and Solid Waste Recycling Positive. ITC Limited has completed 100 years on 24 August 2010. The earlier decades of the company activities centered on the tobacco industries. Since 1964 conclusive evidence of the deadly effects of tobacco consumption has 1ed to a sharp decline in official support for producers and manufacturers of tobacco, in spite of its 1arge contribution to the agriculture, fiscal, manufacturing and exporting sectors of the economy. Viewing the changes in the business dynamics in the tobacco industry, the company starting looking to other venues for earning revenue. In 1970’s, it started reducing the foreign equity holding in the company to 40%. In 1975, the company enters the hotel business with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai which was rejoined ‘ITC-Welcomgroup hotel Chola’. In 1979, ITC started theShow MoreRelatedWills Lifestyle7563 Words   |  31 Pageswith us throughout our internship. In the end we express our heartfelt gratitude to our faculty, Ms. Vandana Narang and Ms. Anandita Sardar for their supervision and help in the best possible ways throughout the period of internship. 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Creative Development: This Area of Learning relates to the development of children’s individual ways of developing and representing their notions and emotions in an imaginative way through assorted mediums and

Fundamentalist Islam Essay - 2425 Words

The key issue in the Middle East, increasingly, has less to do with the Arab-Israeli conflict and more to do with fundamentalist Islam. What is fundamentalist Islam? On the one hand, it manifests itself as a new religious conviction, reaffirming faith in an awe-inspiring God. On the other hand, it appears as a militant ideology, demanding political action now. One day its spokesmen call for a jihad (sacred war) against the West, evoking the deepest historic resentments. Another day, its leaders appeal for reconciliation with the West, emphasizing shared values. Its economic theorists reject capitalist greed in the name of social justice, yet they rise to the defense of private property. Its moralists pour scorn on Western consumer culture†¦show more content†¦But if Muslims now return to the original Islam, they can preserve and even restore their power. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;That return, to be effective, must be comprehensive. It is not merely a religion, in the Western sense of a system of belief in God. It possesses an immutable law, revealed by God that deals with every aspect of life, and it is an ideology, a complete system of belief about the organization of the state and the world. This law and ideology can only be implemented through the establishment of a truly Islamic state, under the sovereignty of God. The empowerment of Islam, which is God’s plan for mankind, is a sacred end. It may be pursued by any means that can be rationalized in terms of Islam’s own code. At various times, these have included persuasion, guile, and force. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is remarkable about fundamentalist Islam is not its diversity. It is the fact that this idea of power for Islam appeals so effectively across such a wide range of humanity. Fundamentalists everywhere must act in narrow circumstances of time and place. But they are who they are precisely because their idea exists above all circumstances. Over nearly a century, this idea has evolved into a coherent ideology, which demonstrates a striking consistency in content and form across a wide expanse of the Muslim world. [2] Fundamentalist Forerunners nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The pursuit ofShow MoreRelated Ideology of Fundamentalist Islam Explained Essay5434 Words   |  22 Pagespolitical orientation of Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966), an Egyptian civil servant turned political and religious activist, inspired by fundamentalist Islam. To gain an understanding of what influenced and formulated Qutb’s ideas it has been necessary to provide some background information relating the history of modern day Egypt and the emergence of reformist and fundamentalist Islam, from the 19th century until Qutb’s time. The essay also seeks to give some biographical information in order to provide a fullerRead MoreCulture and Religion8004 Words   |  33 Pageshats, praying at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. TV has also covered the revolution in Iran and the Taliban victory in Afghanistan. These pictures give us a good idea of fundamentalism in two if the three major monotheistic religions, Judaism and Islam. The other one is fundamentali sm within Christianity. II. ORIGINS OF CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALISM The Enlightenment, in the 18th and 19th century Europe, inaugurated a period in which traditional Christian beliefs were placed under attack. EnlightenedRead MoreCharacteristics of Religious Fundamentalism Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority and oppose the challengers, often using political means o further their cause. One characteristic of religious Fundamentalism is that most Fundamentalist groups have a charismatic, authoritarian leader. This person is usually male, who may claim to be divinely informed. An example of this was the Christian Fundamentalist Peoples Temple religious cult led by Reverend Jim Jones. He had such control over his followers that when he asked them to take their own lives inRead MoreEssay on Fundamentalism and Religion785 Words   |  4 Pagesin the west associate fundamentalism with Islam, this is indeed a mistaken belief. Fundamentalism is defined as the affirmation of religious authority as holistic and absolute, admitting of neither criticism nor reduction; it is expressed through the collective demand that specific creedal and ethical dictates derived from scripture be publicly recognized and legally enforced . (Lawrence) Therefore the essence of fundamentalist belief is doctrinal confirmity, of notRead MoreIs Religious Fundamentalism Always Totalitarian and Prone to Violence?1856 Words   |  8 Pagesthe moral protest of faiths such as Islam and Christianity can be linked to the rise of Religious Fundamentalism, as they protest the influence of corruption and pretence that infiltrate their beliefs from the spread of secularization (Heywood, 2012, p. 283). Religious Fundamentalists have followed a traditional political thought process yet, have embraced a militant style of activity which often can turn violent (Heywood, 2012, p. 291). To be a fundamentalist is to wholly believe in the doctrineRead MoreThe Birth Of Islam And Islam1129 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The birth of Islam published liberal and humanistic origin of Islam in east Bengal. But later this Islam turn into political Islam due to three reasons the emergence of religious based Pakistan state, failure of punished the war criminals and the declaration of Islam as the state religion in replaced of secularism (8th amendment 1988). The failure of the state to provide basic need to the people, increasing violence in Economy and political sector growing discrimination in society,Read More Terrorism and the Pursuit of God Essay example648 Words   |  3 PagesIslamic religion, the religion that the hijackers are suspected to adhere to, claiming that Islam reveres its martyrs and sanctions war. But the answer is much more complicated than this, and a look at religion and technology can help get a clearer picture of Islam and the events of September 11. Karen Armstrong, in her book The Battle for God, claims that nearly all religions have a sect of â€Å"fundamentalists,† or what some have called â€Å"extremists,† who feel it their duty to rebel against the recentRead MoreIslamic Fundamentalism is based on Islamic ideology. It is also seen as a group of religious800 Words   |  4 PagesIslamic Fundamentalism is based on Islamic ideology. It is also seen as a group of religious ideologies trying to return to the fundamentals of Islam. Muslim Brotherhood started in Egypt in the year of 1928. Muslim Brotherhood is an anti-colonial, transnational Sunni Islamist movement, it is attempting to integrate Islam into politics and government. Members of the brotherhood believe the Quran and Sunnah should be the basis of the government (Johnson, 2014). Muslim Brotherhood is not only foundRead MoreIslamic Extremism Is Becoming A Global Matter1605 Words   |  7 PagesIslamophobia. To fully comprehend how attitudes toward the Is lamic religion have changed in the past decade, one must consider the history of Islam, and the societal and cultural changes pertaining to Islam. Islamophobia is becoming a global matter, and one must be aware to understand religious conflicts, as it can immensely influence society. The religion of Islam originated from the Prophet Muhammad whom Muslims believe that he was chosen to spread God, or Allah’s message (â€Å"The Prophet†, n.d.). AccordingRead MoreMuslim Immigrants And The United States871 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"extremists†, â€Å"jihadists†, â€Å"fanatics†, â€Å"fundamentalists† etc. They were being feared, discriminated and even harassed. One of the most widely discussed issues in the U.S. Muslim community is the negative image of Islam in the American media, an issue that was cause for concern even before 9/11. While appeals to the media for accuracy and fairness continue, newspaper headlines regularly print the words â€Å"Islam† and â€Å"Muslim† next to words like â€Å"fanatic,† â€Å"fundamentalist,† â€Å"militant,† â€Å"terrorist† and â€Å"violence

Elastic and Inelastic Demand free essay sample

The demand for newspaper is inelastic while the supply for newspaper is elastic in the short run. This means the quantity demanded for newspaper does not respond strongly to price changes but the quantity supplied for newspaper is responsive to price changes in the short run. (Mankiw, 2009) The demand is inelastic because newspaper has very few substitutes. Although online news is getting popular nowadays, the majority still prefer to read the papers. Besides, newspaper is a necessity which people read every day to know what happens around the world. Newspaper has a broadly defined market and it has no good substitutes. (Mankiw, 2009) The supply of newspaper is elastic because firms that produce manufactured goods such as newspapers can run their factories longer in response to a higher price. (Mankiw, 2009) From the graph, we can derive the table below: Without TaxWith TaxChange Consumer SurplusA+B+CA- (B+C) Producer SurplusD+E+FF- (D+E) Government Revenue -B+D+ (B+D) Total SurplusA+B+C+D+E+FA+B+D+F- (C+E) Consumer surplus decreases by the area B and C while producer surplus decreases by the area D and E after a tax is imposed. Both tax levied on sellers and tax levied on buyers place a same size of wedge between the price that buyers pay and the price that sellers receive (Mankiw, 2009). Regardless of how the tax is levied, buyers and sellers share the tax burden (Mankiw, 2009). Buyers pay more and sellers receive less. Meanwhile the government revenue from collecting taxes increases by the area B and D. As a result, total surplus decreases by the area C and E causing a deadweight loss. Tax has made both consumers and producers worse off and it decreases the overall welfare of society. The equilibrium quantity falls after a tax is imposed causing the market of newspaper to shrink. (300 words) Task 2 Negative consumption and production externalities are considered harmful to society. A negative externality is the adverse and uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the wellbeing of a bystander. (Mankiw, 2009) Negative consumption externalities cause a difference between private benefit and social benefit (Tutor2u, n. d. as social benefit takes into account of both the private benefit and the adverse impact of one person’s actions on the wellbeing of society. When the marginal private benefit gt; marginal social benefit, a negative consumption externality exists (Tutor2u, n. d. ). The intersection of the marginal-private-cost curve and the marginal-social-benefit curve determines the optimal output level. From the diagram, we can know that it is less than the market equilibrium quantity. This shows that the good is over-consumed. There will be a deadweight loss of economic welfare. Negative production externalities cause a difference between private cost and social cost because social cost takes into account of both the private cost and the external cost. When the marginal social cost gt; marginal private cost, a negative production externality exists (Tutor2u, n. d. ). This means that the cost to society of producing one good is larger than the cost to the producers (Tutor2u, n. d. ). The optimal output level is determined by the intersection of the marginal-private-benefit curve and the marginal-social-cost curve. It is also less than the market equilibrium quantity according to the diagram above. Again there will be a deadweight loss. Because both the negative consumption and production externalities lead markets to produce a larger quantity than is socially desirable, the markets are inefficient. Thus market failures happen as markets fail to maximize total surplus, causing deadweight losses. Therefore negative consumption and production externalities are considered harmful to society. (Mankiw, 2009) The production of rare earth will cause negative production externality to society. This is because the refinery of rare earth ore will generate radioactive waste which is seriously harmful to human beings. Recent protests in Kuantan to stop Malaysian government from letting Lynax, a giant Australian Mining Company to build the world’s largest refinery for rare earth metal in Gebeng and Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad’s recent comments about the radioactive waste in Perak have made Malaysians recall back the incident of Bukit Merah during 1980s (Mariam Mokhtar, 2011). In 1982, Asian Rare Earth (ARE) which is a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Chemical began operating its rare earth plant in Bukit Merah. ARE extracted yytrium (a rare earth) from monazite, one of the minerals found in amang for use in high technology products. Both monazite and the waste contain thorium hydroxide, which has a half-life of 13. 9 billion years. Cancer-causing radon gas is released during decay of thorium. (Mariam Mokhtar, 2011) Because of the radioactive waste, the residents of Bukit Merah suffered very serious harmful effects. Not only there is a high incidence of cancer rate, the residents suffer birth defects and leukemia. Jayabalan, a general practitioner physician and toxicologist who treated the leukemia victims, carried out a survey and proved that the number of miscarriages in the village was higher than the national average (Mariam Mokhtar, 2011). A sample test on 60 children had found that their bloodstreams contain high levels of lead (Mariam Mokhtar, 2011). According to New York Times, Lai Kwan, the former workers of ARE, has spent the last 29 years taking care of her son from her pregnancy while working in ARE’s refinery, who was born with severe mental and physical disabilities (Bradsher, 2011). The harmful effects of radioactive waste are long term. Parents of those children who were born with birth defects and leukemia have to take care of their children for the whole life time. The victims of Bukit Merah incident still suffers today. After a long-drawn battle and petition of the residents against ARE, Japanese environmentalists and politicians stepped in and persuade ARE to close the refinery in 1992. Mitsubishi Chemical agreed to fix the problem and subsequently spend $100 million to clean up the site.